Chop the cabbage into bite-sized pieces. Dice the onion and carrots. Mince the garlic.
Heat butter or oil in a large pot over medium-high heat.
Add onion and garlic. Cook until soft and fragrant.
Add ground beef or turkey. Break it up and cook until fully browned.
Stir in salt, pepper, paprika, oregano, cayenne, and bay leaf. Cook for 30 seconds.
Add cabbage and carrots. Pour in diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, and broth.
Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 10–15 minutes.
Stir in rinsed rice. Simmer 20–30 minutes, stirring occasionally, until rice is tender.
Remove bay leaf. Stir in parsley and lemon juice if using.
Adjust salt if needed. Serve warm.